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CASP13 logo The Angelo Coast Range Reserve, from which soil samples were taken, protects thousands of acres of the upper watershed of South Fork of the Eel River (shown here) in Mendocino County. (Akos Kokai via Flickr, CC BY 2.0) PDB 6C7C: Enoyl-CoA hydratase, an enzyme from M. ulcerans (strain Agy99) The iron (Fe)-oxide terraces at Echinus Geyser form from the oxidation of ferrous Fe, and the temperature across the terraces ranges from ~ 60-70ºC, while pH values vary from 3.4 to 3.6. A very thin (1-2 mm) layer of water flowing over the Fe-oxide terraces from the outflow channel at Echinus Geyser, located in Yellowstone National Park’s Norris Geyser Basin, is thought to provide the needed oxygen to create habitats suitable for the Marsarchaeota. (Bill Inskeep)

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