Two reconstructions of imaging: one soft x-ray tomographic reconstruction showing misfolded proteins in the cytoplasm being engulfed by vacuoles, the cell’s protein degradation machinery, and one super-resolution, visible-light microscopy reconstruction showing misfolded proteins being extruded from the nucleus toward a vacuole through a nuclear-vacuolar junction.

Left: A soft x-ray tomographic reconstruction of a yeast cell in which misfolded proteins (magenta) in the cytoplasm are being engulfed by vacuoles (gray), the cell’s protein degradation machinery. The cell nucleus is shown in yellow and mitochondria are shown in blue. Right: A super-resolution, visible-light microscopy reconstruction showing misfolded proteins (green) being extruded from the nucleus (blue) toward a vacuole through a nuclear-vacuolar junction (yellow). (Image credit: Fabián Morales-Polanco/Stanford University)