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How a cell behaves as virocell largely depends on the infecting virus and the genomic similarity between host and virus. Pseudoalteromonas was infected with two unrelated viruses: siphovirus PSA-HS2 and podovirus PSA-HP1. The infections transformed the same bacterial host into two very different virocells, HS2-virocell and HP1-virocell. The HS2 siphovirus genome was much more similar to the host than the genome of HP1 podovirus and had better access to recycle existing host resources. In contrast, the HP1 podovirus needed to work harder at obtaining the resources needed for infection, and reprogrammed multiple host metabolisms. HS2 virocells had a comparatively higher fitness than HP1 virocells. (Figure by Cristina Howard-Varona) Cartoon from the 2019 Genome Watch article by Tanja Woyke. (Credit: Philip Patenall/Springer Nature Limited) A new microscopy technique combines electron microscopy and light microscopy to generate detailed, three-dimensional images of cells. Credit: D. Hoffman et al./Science 2020 Metagenomic expansion of the diversity of the Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses. The phylogenetic tree shows 2,074 giant virus metagenome-assembled genomes (green) together with 205 previously published viral genomes (white). (Frederik Schulz) Biological Systems and Engineering Division researchers Antoine Snijders, Jian-Hua Mao, and Bo Hang with Yankai Xia of Nanjing Medical University. Students in Boca Raton Community High School’s A-Level Advanced International Certificate of Education (AICE) Biology class collected samples from the Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge for the pilot project with the JGI. (Alexander Klimczak) National Academies Safeguarding the Bioeconomy Jennifer Doudna A structural map of KRAS(G12C), showing the AMG 510 molecule in the binding pocket. (Credit: Amgen)

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